Assessing the Impacts of Microplastic Pollution on Freshwater Aquatic Ecosystems and Biodiversity

1. Introduction 2. Microplastic Pollution: Definition and Sources 2.1 Definition of Microplastics 2.2 Primary Sources of Microplastics 2.3 Pathways to Freshwater Ecosystems 2.4 Global Distribution Patterns 3. Mechanisms of Microplastic Pollution Impact 3.1 Physical and Chemical Properties 3.2 Interaction with Water Chemistry 3.3 Transport and Accumulation 3.4 Role of Biofilms on Microplastics 4. Effects on Freshwater Biodiversity 4.1 Impact on Aquatic Flora 4.2 Effects on Invertebrate Species 4.3 Influence on Fish Populations 4.4 Threats to Endangered Species 5. Ecological Consequences 5.1 Disruption of Food Webs 5.2 Impacts on Ecosystem Services 5.3 Alterations in Habitat Structures 5.4 Long-term Ecological Shifts 6. Research Methodologies and Approaches 6.1 Sampling Techniques 6.2 Analytical Methods for Detection 6.3 Experimental Design and Field Studies 6.4 Modelling Impacts and Scenarios 7. Mitigation and Management Strategies 7.1 Policy Measures and Legislation 7.2 Technological Innovations for Cleanup 7.3 Public Awareness and Education 7.4 Community-based Conservation Efforts 8. Conclusion and Future Perspectives 8.1 Summary of Findings 8.2 Gaps in Current Research 8.3 Directions for Future Studies 8.4 Long-term Policy Implications