Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Sustainable Hydrogen Production from Water Splitting Reactions

1. Introduction 1.1 Background and Motivation 1.2 Objectives of the Study 1.3 Structure of the Thesis 2. Fundamentals of Photocatalysis 2.1 Principles of Photocatalysis 2.2 Thermodynamics of Water Splitting 2.3 Overview of Photocatalytic Materials 3. Hydrogen Production Mechanisms 3.1 Photocatalytic Water Splitting 3.2 Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting 3.3 Biological and Artificial Systems 4. Design of Photocatalytic Materials 4.1 Material Selection Criteria 4.2 Structural and Electronic Properties 4.3 Surface and Interface Engineering 5. Advanced Photocatalytic Materials 5.1 Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 5.2 Composite and Hybrid Materials 5.3 Doping and Co-catalyst Strategies 6. Characterization Techniques 6.1 Structural Characterization 6.2 Optical and Electronic Analysis 6.3 Performance Evaluation 7. Challenges and Solutions 7.1 Stability and Durability Issues 7.2 Charge Separation Efficiency 7.3 Scalability and Practical Applications 8. Future Directions and Conclusions 8.1 Summary of Key Findings 8.2 Emerging Trends and Technologies 8.3 Final Remarks and Outlook