1. Introduction 2. Microplastics: Definition and Sources 2.1. Characteristics of Microplastics 2.2. Sources of Microplastic Pollution 2.3. Global Distribution and Trends 3. Aquatic Food Chains Overview 3.1. Structure of Aquatic Food Chains 3.2. Key Species in Aquatic Ecosystems 3.3. Dynamics of Energy Flow 4. Impact on Primary Producers 4.1. Effects on Phytoplankton 4.2. Disruption of Photosynthesis 4.3. Influence on Population Dynamics 5. Impact on Aquatic Consumers 5.1. Effects on Zooplankton 5.2. Accumulation in Fish and Invertebrates 5.3. Implications for Predators 6. Impact on Ecosystem Health 6.1. Biodiversity Loss 6.2. Habitat Alteration 6.3. Long-Term Ecosystem Changes 7. Case Studies and Regional Analysis 7.1. Coastal Ecosystems 7.2. Freshwater Ecosystems 7.3. Polar Regions 8. Mitigation and Management Strategies 8.1. Policy and Regulation 8.2. Technological Innovations 8.3. Role of Public Awareness
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