Investigating the Impact of Urbanization on Local Plant Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

1. Introduction 2. Definition of Urbanization 2.1 Historical Overview of Urbanization 2.2 Current Trends in Urban Areas 2.3 Urbanization in Different Regions 3. Impact on Local Plant Biodiversity 3.1 Effects on Species Richness 3.2 Changes in Species Composition 3.3 Loss of Rare and Endemic Species 3.4 Role of Urban Green Spaces 4. Influence on Ecosystem Services 4.1 Provisioning Services Alteration 4.2 Regulation Services Disruption 4.3 Impact on Cultural Services 5. Mechanisms of Biodiversity Change 5.1 Habitat Fragmentation and Loss 5.2 Introduction of Invasive Species 5.3 Pollution and its Effects 5.4 Climate Change Interactions 6. Case Studies and Comparative Analysis 6.1 Urbanization in Megacities 6.2 Biodiversity in Suburban Areas 6.3 Rural-Urban Gradients 7. Mitigation Strategies and Conservation Efforts 7.1 Urban Planning and Design 7.2 Initiatives for Green Infrastructure 7.3 Policies for Biodiversity Conservation 8. Future Research Directions 8.1 Technological Innovations for Monitoring 8.2 Integrating Social and Ecological Perspectives 8.3 Long-term Impacts of Urban Development