The Impact of Climate Change on Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics in Coral Reefs

1. Introduction 2. Understanding Climate Change 2.1 Definition and Causes 2.2 Global Warming Trends 2.3 Climate Change Models 3. Overview of Marine Biodiversity 3.1 Marine Species Diversity 3.2 Biodiversity Hotspots 3.3 Importance of Marine Biodiversity 4. Coral Reefs as Ecosystems 4.1 Structure and Composition 4.2 Ecological Role of Coral Reefs 4.3 Economic and Social Importance 5. Effects of Climate Change on Coral Reefs 5.1 Coral Bleaching Events 5.2 Ocean Acidification Impact 5.3 Sea Level Rise Consequences 6. Impacts on Marine Biodiversity 6.1 Changes in Species Distribution 6.2 Threats to Endemic Species 6.3 Alterations in Trophic Interactions 7. Ecosystem Dynamics in Coral Reefs 7.1 Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling 7.2 Resilience and Adaptation Mechanisms 7.3 Role of Keystone Species 8. Conservation and Mitigation Strategies 8.1 Marine Protected Areas 8.2 Sustainable Fisheries Management 8.3 Restoration and Rehabilitation Efforts 9. Conclusion and Future Directions