1. Introduction 2. Intermittent Fasting: An Overview 2.1 Definition and Types of Intermittent Fasting 2.2 Historical Perspective on Fasting 2.3 Popularity and Current Trends 3. Gut Microbiota: Structure and Function 3.1 Definition and Composition 3.2 Role in Human Health 3.3 Factors Affecting Gut Microbiota 4. Intermittent Fasting Effects on Gut Microbiota 4.1 Short-term Impact on Microbial Diversity 4.2 Long-term Microbial Adaptations 4.3 Changes in Bacterial Abundance 5. Mechanisms Linking Fasting and Microbiota 5.1 Interaction with Host Metabolism 5.2 Influence on Microbial Metabolites 5.3 Regulatory Pathways Involved 6. Metabolic Health Outcomes of Fasting 6.1 Effects on Insulin Sensitivity 6.2 Body Weight and Fat Mass Reduction 6.3 Improvement in Lipid Profiles 7. Evidence from Human and Animal Studies 7.1 Overview of Human Studies 7.2 Findings from Animal Research 7.3 Comparative Analysis 8. Challenges and Future Directions 8.1 Limitations of Current Research 8.2 Emerging Technologies in Microbiota Studies 8.3 Potential for Therapeutic Applications
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